Against a backdrop of the Governor and Illinois General Assembly working to enact school funding and tax reform, MPC offers a specific plan that addresses the state's and taxpayer needs.
Executive Summary
For over 30 years, Illinois leaders have debated how to properly fund
education to ensure a quality education for all children no matter where they
live. Through economic boom and bust, school districts with inadequate resources
have been unable to provide the level of education that more prosperous
districts provide. Areas with high property tax rates have struggled to attract
investment from businesses and homeowners. During this time, some schools have
fallen chronically short of state learning standards, often the very same ones
without local tax base to support their schools. The state’s fiscal position
also has deteriorated, especially in regards to its unfunded pension liability.
Two detailed pieces of legislation have been
proposed to address these challenges:
Senate Bill 1 (SB 1), embodying
Gov. Rod Blagojevich’s FY 2008 Budget Proposal, and House Bill 750 (HB
750).
While there are significant
differences between the two packages, there are common aspects that meet several
principles MPC and A+ Illinois have long supported.
Both packages aim
to:
-
provide adequate support for quality education in all
areas of the state;
-
secure a sound, stable source of revenues; and
-
address weaknesses in the state’s unfair
property tax system.
MPC recommends the
following
principles be used for developing a hybrid plan
that will enhance accountability, raise sufficient revenues fairly across taxpayers,
improve the system to address fu ndamental weaknesses, and provide
long-term
changes to assure lasting reforms (see table on page 6
of the full report):
1.
Invest in education and targeted
property tax relief.
-
Fully fund General State Aid (GSA) to meet the
Education Funding Advisory Board’s recommendations for a minimum foundation
level of $6,405 per student. The $828 million as proposed by SB 1 is a good
start for FY 2008, to be phased up to $2.2 billion by FY 2011 to meet the
target, adjusted for inflation.
-
Raise state support for special education, targeted
intervention strategies, early childhood education, and teacher mentoring and
induction programs to implement proven strategies on a scale that will improve
the level of education for all children.
-
Invest in capital needs of schools – by building new
schools and updating older schools.
-
Provide $1.2 billion in targeted property
tax relief through a flat grant to the top third of wealthiest areas, and a
much greater reduction (up to 50 percent of education related property taxes)
for distressed areas of the state.
2. Base the funding reform on the state income
tax. It is the broadest tax available, is transparent, and closely matches
ability to pay. There are also mechanisms to protect working families from
increases in the income tax:
- Raise the personal exemption to $4,000 (double the
current $2,000 level; $1.2billion credit).
- Expand the Earned Income Tax Credit to 30 percent of
the federal level ($424 million credit).
- Consider a child tax credit of 20 percent of the federal credit ($318
million credit).
With a 5 percent income tax rate and the above
credits to prevent increased taxes on working families, the net change would be
$2.66 billion in the first year and $5.64 billion once fully
phased-in.
In order to cover education reform and
property tax relief, the total increase of the corporate income tax would be
$475 million in the first year, and $1 billion when fully
phased-in.
3. Share tax burdens across all classes of
taxpayers. Businesses need to be part of
the solution, but relying on one single group of taxpayers to shoulder the
entire burden (as proposed by SB 1) would
harm
Illinois’ ability to retain
jobs.
- Because the Governor’s Office has not released data
necessary to determine how to it calculated the expected GRT revenues, MPC has
not been able to recommend a modified formula. However, a combination of
deducting input expenses (essentially by implementing a value added tax rather
than gross receipts) and utilizing a rate far lower than has been proposed by
the governor and SB 1, could yield the $800 million goal. Such a proposal
would need to allow a deduction of the corporate income tax on the value added
tax, or vice versa, to be constitutional in Illinois .
- MPC has serious concerns regarding the cost of projected growth of
proposed health crae benefits over the next four years. Natural growth of new
revenues will not be sufficient to cover the Governor’s projected $3.7 billion
in new costs by FY 2011.
4.
Adopt reform measures to ensure new
revenues are well spent.
- Improve the quality and dissemination of student
achievement data to make informed decisions on support systems and
interventions that are needed in the state.
- Improve systems, invest in, and regularly evaluate
teacher and administrator supports, including mentoring and induction support
systems programs.
- Improve school spending financial systems and
transparency as recommended in “Strengthening the Financial Accountability of
Illinois School Districts ” by the Metropolitan Mayors Caucus.
- Reduce pension debt by both implementing reforms as recommended by the
2005 Governor’s Pension Reform Commission and other fiscally sound reforms,
and by determining ways to pay down the debt, including considering the
benefits versus costs of leasing the lottery and a pension obligation bond.
Addressing the state’s education funding,
property tax and pension liabili
ty
crises
are extremely
important
for
Illinois
’ students, families and
communities.
The reforms proposed
by the Metropolitan Planning Council will put the state on more solid fiscal
footing and reduce the need to find cuts each year to pay for existing
obligations.
There are other issues
that will also need to be addressed in the near future, including a long-term
state capital plan that puts a strong emphasis on transit, housing investments,
and infrastructure needs tied to smart planning decisions.
Yet another critical element to address in
this year’s State budget is the dire need of transit operating revenues,
particularly for the Regional Transportation Authority. The RTA needs state
authorization of $280 million from the northeastern
Illinois
region and a
continuation of $70 million of state funding to address critical operating needs
for CTA, Metra and Pace. Several additional sources of funding are being debated
for this purpose and MPC is strongly supportive of the General Assembly reaching
consensus on this budget to address transit operating needs.
These options include increasing
the sales tax rate in the RTA service area, including consumer services in the
sales tax; and fees on parking facilities and congestion pricing on toll roads
to encourage transit.
The reforms summarized in this report are not
the only solutions. However, they do illustrate the state has workable solutions
that meet revenue needs, are responsive to taxpayer fairness, and will result in
tangible outcomes in
Illinois
for years to
come.
Click here to read the full report.